Calcium in urine of German students from four cities
Decreasing calcium excretion since the mid 1990s.
Calcium is an essential element for all living organisms. Calcium blood concentrations are regulated and surplus calcium is excreted.
Since the mid 1990s calcium excretion has decreased in students from four German cities (Muenster, Greifswald, Halle/Saale and Ulm). A possible explanation may be a change in nutritional behaviour involving less calcium uptake.
Fig. 1: Calcium levels in 24h-sampling urine of students from four German cities. Zoom in
Recommended profiles
Specimen
| 24h-sampling urine | Particularly suitable matrix for human biomonitoring because chemicals and/or their metabolites excreted with urine have been in direct contact with the organism. Therefore, measurements in urine can give valid information regarding the internal human body burden. |
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Analytes
| Calcium | Ubiquitous alkaline earth metal, constituent of many minerals |
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Sampling area
| Sampling sites (humans) | 4 university cities as sampling areas. |
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