Common spruce
Norway spruce; scientific name: Picea abies
Photo: UPB-Projektgruppe Trier
A major primary producer in semi-natural and anthropogenic affected ecosystems.
Its suitability as a specimen type for the Environmental Specimen Bank is founded on its economic and ecological significance, our considerable understanding of its ecology, population genetics, sensitivity and patterns of accumulation in relation to many hazardous substances.
The target organ is the one-year-old shoot which, when sampled in spring from February to late May before sprouting begins, presents a comprehensive picture of winter pollution in the environment, unlike the deciduous beech and poplar.
Recommended analysis examples
Search data
Target organs/Matrices
| one-year-old shoot |
|---|
Sampling area
| BR/NP Berchtesgaden | The only high mountains national park in Germany and an area of the Limestone Alps with international relevance. |
|---|---|
| Saarländischer Verdichtungsraum | Important, old-industrialised conurbation in Germany. |
| Bornhöveder Seengebiet | Main watershed between the North- and Baltic Sea. |
| NP Bayerischer Wald | The Bavarian Forest National Park is Germany's first national park. |
| NP Harz | The Harz National Park is Germany's largest forest national park. |
| Solling | Second highest and largest low mountain range in Northern Germany. |
| BR Pfälzerwald | Germany's largest connected forest area in a range of low mountains. |
| Oberbayerisches Tertiärhügelland | The Upper Bavarian Tertiary Uplands are a part of the Southern German Molasse Basin. |
Analytes
| Metals | Eighty percent of all elements on earth are metals |
|---|---|
| Nonmetals | Only eighteen elements in the periodic table |
| Chlorohydrocarbons | Group of organic compounds with at least one covalently bonded chlorine atom |
| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | Group of organic compounds with at least three condensed six-membered rings |
| Supplementary parameters | Additional information for the interpretation of contamination data |
Sampling period
1985 - 2011
Biometric parameters
| Height | |
|---|---|
| Shoot length | |
| Circumference | |
| 1000-needle weight | |
| Needles to stems relation | |
| Degree of needle density |
Extended information
Links to external information and legislation
- FloraWeb: Picea Abies (German)
- EUNIS biodiversity database - Picea abies
- GRIN Taxonomy for Plants: Picea abies
Literature
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Bestimmung von Dioxinen, Furanen, dioxinähnlichen PCB und Indikator-PCB in Fichten- und Kieferntrieben aus der Umweltprobenbank des Bundes
Körner, Wolfgang; Schädel, Silke; Waller, Ulrich; Köhler, Jutta
Augsburg: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umweltschutz, 2005. - 51, 2005
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Retrospective Monitoring of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in Pine- and Spruce-Shoots - Results from the German Environmental Specimen Bank
Rappolder, Marianne; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Waller, Ulrich; Koerner, Wolfgang
Organohalogen Compounds 66 (2004), 1842 - 1847, 2004
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Temporal Trends and Spatial Distribution of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB in Pine and Spruce Shoots
Rappolder, Marianne; Schröter-Kermani, Christa; Schädel, Silke; Waller, Ulrich; Körner, Wolfgang
Chemosphere 67 (2007), 9, 1887–1896, 2007